How was quinine formed?

Before 1820, the bark of the cinchona tree was first dried, ground to a fine powder, and then mixed into a liquid (commonly wine) before being drunk. In 1820, quinine was extracted from the bark, isolated and named by Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Caventou.

Where the medicine quinine is obtained from?

Quinine is an alkaloid derived from the bark of the Cinchona tree (Fig. 7.1). For many years, it was the only effective drug for the treatment of malaria.

Where does the antimalarial drug quinine come from?

Quinine comes from the bark of a tree native to South America. According to legend it was first brought to Europe by a Countess who had been treated with it in Peru in the 1600s. The bark was named cinchona in 1742 by Linnaeus.

What is quinine used for in medicine?

Quinine is used to treat malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium falciparum is a parasite that gets into the red blood cells in the body and causes malaria. Quinine works by killing the parasite or preventing it from growing.

Who first used quinine?

In 1820, French researchers Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou first isolated quinine from the bark of a tree in the genus Cinchona – probably Cinchona officinalis – and subsequently named the substance.

Who discovered quinine medicine?

What is the chemical name of quinine?

cinchona alkaloid
Quinine is a cinchona alkaloid that is cinchonidine in which the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring is substituted by methoxy. It has a role as an antimalarial, a muscle relaxant and a non-narcotic analgesic.

What is the chemical formula of quinine?

C20H24N2O2Quinine / Formula

What is the scientific name for quinine?

Cinchona calisaya (quinine)

What is quinine?

Quinine is an alkaloid used to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633.

When was quinine first synthesized?

In 1944, the total synthesis of quinine was achieved by Woodward and Doering.124 Quinine exhibits specific toxicity against Plasmodium and has antipyretic (fever-reducing) activity. Therefore, it has long been used as an antimalarial drug.

Is quinine a blood schizonticide?

Quinine acts as a blood schizonticide although it also has gametocytocidal activity against P. vivax and P. malariae. Because it is a weak base, it is concentrated in the food vacuoles of P. falciparum.

What is quinidine made from?

Quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, and cinchonidine (Figure 14.4) are the major quinidine alkaloids isolated from the bark of trees belonging to the genera Cinchona and Ramijia (Rutaceae).