What bacteria is the most common cause of septic shock?

Initially it was thought that the major organisms that caused bacterial sepsis were gram-negative bacteria [102]. However, over the past 25 years it has been shown that gram-positive bacteria are the most common cause of sepsis [103]. Some of the most frequently isolated bacteria in sepsis are Staphylococcus aureus (S.

How do gram-negative bacteria cause septic shock?

Gram-negative bacteria produce sepsis and septic shock via the release of the cell-wall component known as endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). The lipid A moiety, common to gram-negative bacteria, is immunogenic and appears to account for many of the biologic effects of endotoxin.

How do gram-positive bacteria cause sepsis?

The clinical manifestations of septic shock are caused by the elevated release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines by host cells upon interaction with bacterial products. Gram-positive microorganisms do not contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is mainly responsible for the initiation of Gram-negative shock.

Which bacteria are oxidase positive?

Oxidase Positive Organisms: Pseudomonas, Neisseria, Alcaligens, Aeromonas, Campylobacter, Vibrio, Brucella, Pasteurella, Moraxella, Helicobacter pylori, Legionella pneumophila, etc.

What does oxidase positive mean?

The oxidase test is used to identify bacteria that produce cytochrome c oxidase, an enzyme of the bacterial electron transport chain. All bacteria that are oxidase-positive are aerobic and can use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor in respiration. This does NOT mean that they are strict aerobes.

What is the oxidase test for Neisseria and Moraxella?

The oxidase test is used to determine if an organism possesses the cytochrome oxidase enzyme. The test is used as an aid for the differentiation of Neisseria, Moraxella, Campylobacter and Pasteurella species (oxidase positive). It is also used to differentiate pseudomonads from related species.

What happens when an infection becomes septic?

Sepsis causes inflammation throughout the body. This inflammation can cause blood clots and block oxygen from reaching vital organs, resulting in organ failure. When the inflammation occurs with extremely low blood pressure, it’s called septic shock. Septic shock is fatal in many cases.