What is a 3 UTR sequence?

What is a 3 UTR sequence?

In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region (3′-UTR) is the section of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon. The 3′-UTR often contains regulatory regions that post-transcriptionally influence gene expression. Many 3′-UTRs also contain AU-rich elements (AREs).

What are the three levels of gene expression regulation?

All three domains of life use positive regulation (turning on gene expression), negative regulation (turning off gene expression), and co-regulation (turning multiple genes on or off together) to control gene expression, but there are some differences in the specifics of how these jobs are carried out between …

What is UTR in gene expression?

In molecular genetics, an untranslated region (or UTR) refers to either of two sections, one on each side of a coding sequence on a strand of mRNA. The mRNA is initially transcribed from the corresponding DNA sequence and then translated into protein.

What role do 3-utrs play in gene regulation?

In summary, 3′-UTRs seem to be major players in gene regulation that enable local functions, compartmentalization, and cooperativity, which makes them important tools for the regulation of phenotypic diversity of higher organisms.

How do 3’ UTRs confer cell-type specificity?

To investigate the mechanisms by which 3′ UTRs confer cell-type specificity, we first examined the ability of a “somatic” 3′ UTR to support germline expression. The unc-54 gene encodes myosin and is only expressed in muscle.

What are the untranslated gene regions?

For a given gene, the untranslated gene regions, including the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), and introns are the major regions involved in the regulation of expression (Fig. 1).

What is the role of introns in the 5th UTR?

An intron in the 5′UTR may enhance gene expression through the presence of transcriptional regulatory elements, or through structural modulation and splicing. For example, expression of the ubiquitin C (UbC) gene is dependent on the presence of an intron in the 5′UTR.