What is considered to be the basic pathophysiological cause of essential hypertension?
What is considered to be the basic pathophysiological cause of essential hypertension?
Known Etiological Factors in Essential Hypertension A number of factors increase BP, including (1) obesity, (2) insulin resistance, (3) high alcohol intake, (4) high salt intake (in salt-sensitive patients), (5) aging and perhaps (6) sedentary lifestyle, (7) stress, (8) low potassium intake, and (9) low calcium intake.
What describes the basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction?
In the clinical context, myocardial infarction is usually due to thrombotic occlusion of a coronary vessel caused by rupture of a vulnerable plaque. Ischemia induces profound metabolic and ionic perturbations in the affected myocardium and causes rapid depression of systolic function.
Which of the following could be the source of an embolus causing an obstruction in the brain?
A brain embolism is a blockage in an artery within the brain or in an artery that supplies blood to the brain. Blockages can be caused by a blood clot, fat globule, or air pocket within an artery.
Which of the following is most likely to cause left sided heart failure?
Most commonly, left-sided heart failure is caused by heart related diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD) or a heart attack. Other left-sided heart failure causes can include: Cardiomyopathy.
How is hypertension caused?
The most common causes of hypertension include smoking, obesity or being overweight, diabetes, having a sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical activity, high salt or alcohol intake levels, insufficient consumption of calcium, potassium or magnesium, a deficiency in vitamin D, stress, aging, chronic kidney disease and …
What is the causative agent of myocardial infarction?
Myocardial infarction (MI) usually results from an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand, which is most often caused by plaque rupture with thrombus formation in an epicardial coronary artery, resulting in an acute reduction of blood supply to a portion of the myocardium.
What actions causes the atrioventricular AV valves to close?
When the ventricles relax, atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure, the AV valves are pushed open and Page 2 blood flows into the ventricles. However, when the ventricles contract, ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure causing the AV valves to snap shut.
What causes cardiac?
Cardiac output is the product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) and is measured in liters per minute. HR is most commonly defined as the number of times the heart beats in one minute. SV is the volume of blood ejected during ventricular contraction or for each stroke of the heart.
How does hypertension cause left-sided heart failure?
Hypertension increases the workload on the heart inducing structural and functional changes in the myocardium. These changes include hypertrophy of the left ventricle, which can progress to heart failure.
Which of the following is the most common cause of right-sided heart failure?
High blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs is called pulmonary hypertension. It is the most common cause of cor pulmonale. In people who have pulmonary hypertension, changes in the small blood vessels inside the lungs can lead to increased blood pressure in the right side of the heart.
What is defined as hypertension?
Nearly half of adults in the United States (47%, or 116 million) have hypertension, defined as a systolic blood pressure greater than 130 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure greater than 80 mmHg or are taking medication for hypertension.
How can hypertension be prevented Quizlet?
•Hypertension cannot be cured; it can be controlled with treatment, but is a life-long disease. •Educate on diet, exercise, follow up with MD, weight loss, and support groups. Always keep adequate supply on hand at home, pack meds in carry-on luggage only
What are the causes of primary hypertension?
Heart attack or stroke.
What do you need to know about essential hypertension?
Normal blood pressure is 119/79 or lower . Your healthcare provider may only check your blood pressure each year if it stays at a normal level.
Why essential hypertension is called so?
Obstructive sleep apnea