What is ovulation Cascade?

A cascade of events drive ovulation, initiated upon receipt by the follicle of a single trigger, the surge of gonadotrophins: luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary (Figure 1 ).

What is Preantral stage?

Preantral phase: Formation and beginning of growth and activation of primordial follicles and growth of primary and secondary follicles. Antral phase: formation of tertiary follicle (antral-filled follicular fluid cavity).

What happens to granulosa cells during ovulation?

After the LH surge, the granulosa cells undergo a receptor transition called “luteinization”. Luteinization converts granulosa cells into cells that are receptive to the luteinizing hormone. This process enables granulosa cells to now produce Progesterone instead of estrogen as they previously did.

How long is follicle restoration before ovulation?

~20 days
Once selected, it requires ~20 days for a dominant follicle to reach the ovulatory stage. Atresia can occur in developing follicles after the secondary stage. Number of granulosa cells (gc); days (d).

Does egg rupture mean ovulation?

Right before ovulation, the egg inside the follicle detaches itself. The follicle starts to release chemicals that encourage the nearby fallopian tube to move closer and surround the follicle. The follicle swells until it bursts open, ejecting the egg and fluid into the abdominal cavity.

Can the presence of sperm trigger ovulation?

A recently discovered protein in semen can cause female mammals to ovulate, new research finds. The protein has been found in multiple mammal species, including humans, though researchers aren’t yet sure what effect it might have on human fertility.

What is the final stage of ovarian follicle?

Select antral follicles are rescued from atresia by responding to the cyclic changes in FSH secretion, and they become preovulatory follicles that are capable of oocyte release and corpora lutea formation. This final stage of development is gonadotropin-dependent and is known as cyclic recruitment.

How fast do follicles grow?

“The rate of follicular growth is dependant on the phase of the stimulation cycle,” explained Dr. Timmreck. “Early on, follicular growth may be minimal, but once the follicle(s) have committed to ‘active’ growth, then they may grow 1-3 mm per day.”

How does estrogen affect ovulation?

Ovulation. When the level of estrogen is sufficiently high, it produces a sudden release of LH, usually around day thirteen of the cycle. This LH surge (peak) triggers a complex set of events within the follicles that result in the final maturation of the egg and follicular collapse with egg extrusion.

What stimulates granulosa cells?

Granulosa cells respond to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) mainly by aromatizing androgens to estrogens and to some extent by producing pregnenolone from cholesterol.

What are the signs of ovulation in women?

Some women experience pain associated with ovulation, sometimes referred to as mittelschmerz. But this pain does not necessarily occur at the precise moment of ovulation, and shouldn’t be used as a definitive sign of ovulation. 6. Spotting

What does it mean when you have ovulation pain?

Some women get ovulation pain every month. Research has found that mid-cycle pain (also known as mittelschmerz, German for “middle pain”) occurs just before you ovulate, which would be when you’re most fertile. For most, ovulation pain is a temporary sharp pain in the lower abdomen.

What happens to your body when you ovulate?

Before and during ovulation, hormonal shifts can affect the entire body. You may experience various symptoms of ovulation—including breast tenderness, moodiness or headaches, but if you don’t notice any ovulation symptoms, don’t worry.

When should you see a doctor for ovulation pain?

But if ovulation pain is persistent or severe, see a doctor to rule out conditions such as endometriosis or an ovarian cyst. Moore suggests monitoring and recording your ovulation symptoms every month to get a sense of what is normal for your body, so you can more easily spot any abnormal ovulation signs and symptoms.