What is ex-ante risk?

Ex-ante is the Latin term for before the event. This means that the outcome must be predicted before it actually takes place, making it uncertain. Ex-ante risk refers to any of the returns that an investment earns before that risk actually takes place.

How is ex-ante risk calculated?

Ex ante variance calculation:

The expected return is subtracted from the return within each state of nature; this difference is then squared.
Each squared difference is multiplied by the probability of the state of nature.
These weighted squared terms are then summed together.

What is ex-post value?

The ex-post value is obtained by taking into consideration the beginning and ending value of an asset, the growth and decline of the asset, and any earned income. Ex-post stands in contrast to ex-ante, which uses estimates to gauge future performance. Ex-post is standard practice as it relies on proven results.

What is ex-ante volatility?

Ex ante volatility, on the other hand, is defined as forward-looking portfolio volatility calculated from current assets weights and asset covariance estimates. Except in very unrealistic circumstances, the two volatility measurements will typically differ.

What is an ex-ante evaluation?

Anticipating the potential impacts of an intended activity, programme or policy can help implementers in the planning phases of projects to clarify ideas and tell a compelling story to prospective donors. Oftentimes it is hard to see the bigger picture and clearly mark the path from idea to impact. …

What is ex-ante policy analysis?

Ex-ante Policy Impact Assessment (hereafter PIA)1 is an analytical process, conducted at the early stages of policy-making exercise. It comprises a set of logical steps to support the decision-making process by providing evidence-based policy alternatives, forecasting and listing their potential impacts.

What is ex post forecasting?

An ex-post forecast is a forecast that uses the information (i.e. the value of economic variables) which extends beyond the time at which the actual forecast is prepared.

What is ex-ante accountability?

Accountability mitigates the observed decrease in risk aversion. Differences are observed between situations where agents are accountable for their decision (“ex-ante”) and where they are accountable for the outcome (“ex-post”).

How is ex-post beta calculated?

An ex post beta is calculated based on past returns of the fund and the market index. Alternatively, an ex ante beta can be calculated. It equals the weighted average of the betas of the securities held by the fund.

What does ex-ante mean in law?

The term ex ante is a Latin word which means based on assumption and prediction. It also means beforehand or before the event. The term is used generally in the commercial world, where results of a particular action, or series of actions, are forecast in advance.

What is ex-ante and ex-post analysis?

Ex ante analyses employ projections and probabilities to gauge an asset’s value and whether it’s worth it for financial experts to invest in it. In contrast, ex post analyses often include the current market value of an asset, without considering how much an investor paid for it.

What are the risks of high potassium?

The most severe risk of high potassium is its effect on the heart. Potassium helps regulate the electrical impulses that help the heart beat correctly. When potassium levels are extremely high, abnormal heart rhythms, called arrhythmias, can occur.

Can the beta decomposition be applied to the ex-ante risk?

Finally, the beta decomposition and application to the ex-ante risk is only possible when the same platform is used for both performance attribution and ex-ante risk measurement.

How does the body get rid of too much potassium?

Foods rich in potassium include leafy green vegetables, beans, meat and seeds. The kidneys get rid of excessive potassium by sending it out of the body in urine. Damage to the kidneys, medical conditions and some medications may cause the body to keep too much potassium. High potassium levels can cause severe consequences, including death.

What is stoichiometry of decomposition of potassium bicarbonate?

Stoichiometry of the Decomposition of Potassium Bicarbonate Introduction Stoichiometry, at its most basic level, is the calculation of the amount of one compound in a chemical reaction based on the amount of another compound in the reaction.